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Article · Gums

Receding gums: why it happens and what can be done

Teeth that look longer than they used to, and a cold sip that goes straight through you. Gum does not grow back on its own, but the recession can be stopped.

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Receding gums expose the root of the tooth, causing sensitivity and teeth that look longer. The common causes are gum disease and brushing too hard, often together. Gum tissue does not regrow on its own. Treatment means removing the cause first, then covering the exposed root with a gum graft where it is needed, which works best when the bone between the teeth is still intact.

What recession actually is

The gum sits like a collar around each tooth. When it moves down, the root is uncovered. Root is not enamel: it is softer, it is not designed to be exposed, and it feels cold and sweet things sharply.

So three things follow. Teeth look longer. They become sensitive. And the exposed root is more vulnerable to decay and to wearing away at the gum line.

Why it happens

  • Gum disease. Inflammation destroys the bone and gum around the tooth. The commonest cause and the most serious, because the support is going too.
  • Brushing too hard. Hard bristles, heavy pressure, scrubbing side to side. Typically worst on the left side for right-handed people, which is a useful clue.
  • Thin gum tissue. Some people are simply born with a thin, delicate gum that recedes easily. Nothing was done wrong.
  • Grinding and clenching. Heavy forces flex the tooth at the neck and the gum follows.
  • Crowded or tilted teeth, where a tooth sits outside the bone and there is little gum covering it to begin with.
  • Orthodontics that moves teeth beyond their bony envelope, and lip or tongue piercings rubbing one spot for years.
  • Smoking, which reduces blood supply and masks bleeding so gum disease is found late.

The brushing one, because it is the most fixable

Hard brushing does not clean better. Plaque is soft, and a soft brush removes it completely. What pressure adds is abrasion of the root and recession of the gum.

Use a soft brush, hold it like a pen rather than a fist, and work in small circles at the gum line rather than scrubbing across. An electric brush with a pressure sensor is genuinely useful here, because it tells you what you cannot feel.

Does gum grow back?

No. Gum tissue that has receded does not regenerate by itself, and no toothpaste, oil pull or gel will bring it back. Anything advertising gum regrowth in a tube is selling you something that cannot work.

What can be done is more useful than it sounds: stop it progressing, treat the sensitivity, and where it matters, cover the root surgically.

Covering the root

A gum graft takes tissue, usually from the palate or from a tissue graft material, and places it over the exposed root, often through a small tunnel rather than large cuts. Modern techniques are far less uncomfortable than their reputation suggests.

The honest part is how well it works, and that depends on one thing most people are never told: the bone and gum between the teeth. Where those are still intact, covering the root is highly predictable. Where gum disease has destroyed the bone between the teeth as well, only partial coverage is realistic, and promising full coverage there is not honest.

That is why an assessment matters more than a price. It decides which of those two situations you are in.

When surgery is not the answer

Plenty of recession needs no graft at all. If it is not getting worse, not sensitive, and not visible when you smile, the right treatment is to control the cause and watch it.

For sensitivity alone, a desensitising toothpaste used consistently, fluoride varnish, or a tooth-coloured filling over the worn notch at the gum line all work. For recession caused by grinding, a night guard protects the result.

Deal with the cause first

Grafting over active gum disease fails. The sequence is: treat the infection, see pyorrhea treatment, correct the brushing, manage the grinding, and only then consider covering roots. Doing it the other way round wastes money and a graft.

See gum treatment, teeth cleaning and scaling, or where the clinic is.

Common questions

Do receding gums grow back?

No. Receded gum tissue does not regenerate on its own, and no toothpaste or home remedy regrows it. Recession can be stopped from progressing, and the exposed root can be covered with a gum graft where that is appropriate.

What causes gums to recede?

Most often gum disease, brushing too hard, or both. Thin gum tissue, grinding, crowded teeth, lip or tongue piercings, some orthodontic movement and smoking all contribute.

Does a gum graft work?

It is highly predictable when the bone and gum between the teeth are still intact. Where gum disease has destroyed that bone too, only partial root coverage is realistic, and any clinic promising full coverage in that situation is overselling.

Is gum grafting painful?

It is done under local anaesthetic, so the procedure itself is not painful. Modern tunnel techniques use small openings instead of large cuts, and most discomfort afterwards is at the palate where tissue was taken, settling within about a week.

How do I stop my gums receding further?

Switch to a soft brush and light pressure with small circles at the gum line, treat any gum disease, wear a night guard if you grind, and stop smoking. Recession caused by brushing stops almost immediately once the technique changes.

Can receding gums be treated without surgery?

Often, yes. If the recession is stable, not sensitive and not visible, controlling the cause and monitoring is correct. Sensitivity alone responds to desensitising toothpaste, fluoride varnish or a filling over the worn notch.

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